Square.



J. E. BITTNER.

r SQUARE. APFLICATIGN FILED NOV. 25. 1913.

1*, 1 89,655. Patented July 4, 1916.

Lllllllllllll-lllilllllIIllllllllllullllnln INVENTDR.-

Y uf y 0 f l 9%/1' y ATTDHNEY.

` ff TED STAT rien i 9 SQUARE.

Application filed November 25, 1913.

T all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN E. Bir'rNnn, a citizen of the United States of America, and resident of l/Vheeling, county of Ohio, and

State of l/Vest Virginia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Squares, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates broadly to improvements in machinists tools, and specifically to a square designed primarily formachinists use.

The primary object of the invention is to provide a square of the flat metallic type having means disposed thereon which adapt 15 it for use in ascertaining and laying outcenters from working drawings whereon 1s indicated definite data from which measurements shall be made. As is well known, considerable difliculty is experienced in accurately locating centers on work, as a casting, whose surface is irregular, or which has portions elevated above or slinken below the general plane. of the surface. For instance, when centers are to be located on a gear frame having bosses to be bored for gear shafts, said bosses projecting outward from the general plane or surface of the frame, it is difficult to locate the precise boring centers on such bosses for the reason that the distance between centers or center lines indicated on the drawing from which the work is being laid out, or the distance shown by the dividers as applied to such drawing, is necessarily the distance taken on a plane surface, and one point of suchv dividers, compass, ortram, asthe case may be, must, according to the practice usually employed, and at the risk of inaccuracy, be elevated above a given or ascertained starting point on the plane surface of the frame a distance. equal to the height above said surface of the boss on which the center is being located.

It is the purpose of the present invention to provide means whereby the difficulty above referred to may be obvliated and enable centers on irregular surfaces to be accurately located with facility.

With these and other objects in view, the invention resides in the features of construction and arrangement of structural details which will hereinafter be exemplified, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, forming a part of this specication, in which- A Figure 1 is a plan view of a square em- Specicaton of Letters Patent.

Patented July 1l, i916.

Serial No. 802,884.

bodying my invention, and Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating the application of the invention.

Referring to said drawings, l and 2 reeo spectively indicate the long and short blades of a liat metallic square of an ordinary type or form. Disposed respectively on said blades l and Q parallel to and remote, or disassociated, from the lateral edges thereof are 6.5 two lines 3 and l which are preferably impressed in the metal. Said lines are disposed at right angles and preferably` intersect each other, as shown. In addition to the usual graduations employed on squares of this type, two series of graduations 5 and 6 of any appropriate kind, as inches and fractions thereof, or metric measurements, are provided, the saine being respectively associated with said lines 3 and 4t and num- 75 bered from the angle, or intersection 0f the lines, in an outward direction, or toward the ends of the blades, as shown.

In practice, the tool is used substantially as follows: Assuming that it is desired to 8o accurately locate on an irregular surface a point or center with respect to a known or fixed point, the difference in elevations of the two points being known, and the distance between center lines through said points being` also known, one point of the dividers, compass, tram, or other like instrument employed, is placed on the line 3 of the square at a point, indicated by graduations 5, removed from the angle or intersection of the lines 3 and 4t a distance equal to the known distance between said center lines, and the opposite point of said instrument is then placed on the line 4 at a point, indicatedby graduations 6, removed from said angle a distance Aequal to the known difference in elevations. Then transferring said instrument from the square to the surface to be acted upon, one point of the same is placed upon the said known or xed point-J and the other point thereof is swung around to scribe a line in which will be located the desired point or center. For illustration, assume that 7, Fig. 2, indicates the face of a gear frame having a boss 8 in which a hole 105 is to be bored for a gear shaft, and that, from working drawings, the `measurements must be taken for accuratelyl locating the boring center for said hole; and assuming that, from said drawings, it is determined that the distance between the center line 9 through a xed or predetermined point 10V on the frame to the center line 11 of the bore i to be located is 7 inches, and also that the boss 8 is elevated l inches above the plane of said point l0; One point of the dividers, or other instrument, is placed on the line 3 of the square at a point 7 inches distant from the angle formed by the intersecting lines 3 and t, and the other point thereof is placed on the line 4 at a point 111,- inches distant from said angle. The distance between the points of the instrument is then greater than that between the center lines 9 andfll, or the exact distance between the known point l0 and that to be located. Then, transferring the instrument from the square to the gear frame, one point thereof is placed upon the previously located point l0, and the other point thereof, when said instrument is rotated about said point 10, will scribe an arcon the boss 8 in which the desired center is located.

n As hereinbefore indicated, the lines 3 and 4 are preferably impressed in the metal so that seats are provided for the reception of the points of the dividers or other instrument used. These lines may, however, Vbe inscribed in any suitable manner on the surface of the square. Or, instead of said lines being made continuous, the same may be constituted by a series of alined dots 12, impressed in the metal, as shown at the end of blade 1 in Fig. 1, said dots terminating` the ends of the graduation marks or lines andv constituting seats for the reception of the points of the instrument.

Having thus described my invention, whatY I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is Y A square comprising` a pair of blades angularly related, and having linear measuring graduations along the outer longitudinal edge only of one blade, and similar graduations along the inner longitudinal edge only of the other blade, and a graduated line disposed inwardly from the longitudinal edges of each blade and intersecting With the corresponding line of the other blade to form the only uninterrupted line of angular formation on the square, the graduationsof the inwardly disposedk graduated lines thus terminating short of the longitudinal edges of the blades to distinguish the same from the linear measuring graduations along the longitudinal edges of the blades. Y

In testimony whereof, I afiiX my signature in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JOHN E. BITTNER.

Witnesses J. WV. BITTNER, H. E. DUNLAr.

copie; of this patentV may be obtained for ve cents cach, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents.

Wuhingtomnc. f 

